Effectiveness evaluation of peer-group level care and management mode in HIV infected patients / 上海预防医学

Objective To introduce and conduct effectiveness evaluation of peer-group level care and management mode in people living with HIV and AIDS(PLHAs)in Jing'an District, Shanghai. Methods We recruited PLHAs who were managed by Jing'an District and participated in the peer-group care activities from 2015 to 2016, and collected their data of general conditions, behavior, antiretroviral therapy, life quality, social support, mental status and medical modes, and then conducted effectiveness evaluation of the mode by multivariate logistic regression model and linear regression model. Results A total of 300 PLHAs were included with 150 cases in each group. PLHAs in target group had higher proportion of antiretroviral therapy[82.7%(124/150)and 64.7%(97/150)]. In addition, they got higher scores in mental health(48.5±9.2 and 43.9±10.6)and social support(28.7±8.2 and 24.8±6.6), and lower scores in depressive severity index(0.5±0.1)and avoidance of medical modes(16.1±3.0 and 17.0±2.5). Multivariate analysis showed that PLHAs in target group had less sex partners(zero partner, OR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.1-3.9;one partner, OR = 3.6, 95%CI:1.9-6.8)and increased condom use(no sex, OR = 5.3, 95%CI:2.4-11.7;complete use, OR = 10.6, 95%CI:4.7-24.1;random miss, OR = 5.1, 95%CI:1.8-14.8)in the last 12 months. Conclusion The effect of peer-group level care and management mode is significantly good in promoting behavior change, enhancing health concern and increasing antiretroviral therapy.

Mentoria entre pares: percepções de suporte social e ambiente educacional de estudantes de medicina / Peer mentoring: medical students' perceptions of social support and the educational environment

Resumo: Introdução: Programas de mentoria entre pares são apontados como suporte efetivo na transição dos estudantes para o ensino superior, colaborando com sua saúde mental e seu desempenho acadêmico. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivos mensurar e comparar a percepção de suporte social e avaliação do ambiente educacional entre estudantes membros e não membros do Grupo de Estudos em Didática Aplicada ao Aprendizado da Medicina (Gedaam), no curso de graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal que utilizou dados do cruzamento entre os bancos da pesquisa QualiMed e dos registros do Gedaam. Dos 1.470 estudantes que participaram do inquérito QualiMed, 347 eram vinculados ao Gedaam. A percepção do suporte social foi mensurada pela Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (ESSS); e a avaliação do ambiente educacional, pelo Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). Realizaram-se análises descritivas e comparativas univariadas por meio do qui-quadrado de Pearson e do teste t de Student, considerando um valor-p < 0,05 para verificação da significância estatística. Os dados foram analisados no software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 19.0. Resultado: Verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre membros e não membros nas variáveis ciclo do curso, sexo, orientação sexual, recebimento de bolsas de auxílio e prática de atividade física regular. Os participantes do Gedaam apresentaram pior percepção quando comparados a não membros em todos os domínios da ESSS, exceto para a satisfação com atividades sociais (valor-p < 0,05). O ambiente educacional foi avaliado pelos dois grupos como tendo "muitos problemas" (escore = 95,51 para membros Gedaam e 100,05 para não membros), com diferença estatisticamente significativa. Conclusão: Observou-se um perfil mais crítico em relação à percepção de suporte social e ao ambiente acadêmico entre os estudantes. Sugere-se que a mentoria entre pares auxilie positivamente o percurso acadêmico e pessoal dos estudantes de Medicina.

Abstract: Introduction: Peer mentoring programs are seen as effective support for student transition to higher education, contributing to their mental health and academic performance. Objective: To measure and compare the perception of social support and evaluation of the educational environment among student members and non-members of the Grupo de Estudos em Didática Aplicada ao Aprendizado da Medicina (Study Group in Didactics Applied to Learning in Medicine - GEDAAM), on the undergraduate medicine course at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). Method: Cross-sectional study using data from the crossover between QualiMed research data and GEDAAM records. Of the 1,470 students who participated in the QualiMed survey, 347 were associated to GEDAAM. The perception of social support was measured by the Social Support Satisfaction Scale (ESSS) and the educational environment assessment by the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). Univariate descriptive and comparative analysis were performed using Pearson's Chi-square and Student's t-test, considering a p-value <0.05 to verify statistical significance. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 19.0. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between members and non-members in course stage, sex, sexual orientation, receipt of aid grants and practice of regular physical activity. GEDAAM participants had a worse perception when compared to non-members in all ESSS Domains, except for satisfaction with social activities (p-value <0.05). The educational environment was assessed by both groups as having "many problems" (score = 95.51 for GEDAAM members and 100.05 for non-members), with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: A more critical profile was observed in relation to the perception of social support and the academic environment among students. It is suggested that peer mentoring positively helps the academic and personal path of medical students.

The Effects of Utilizing Smartphone Application Peer Support on Health Behavior and Body Mass Index among Breast Cancer Survivors / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the effects of utilizing Smartphone Application Peer Support (SAPS) on health behavior and body mass index (BMI) among overweight or obese breast cancer survivors (BCS). METHODS: A nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design was utilized and 36 participants (experimental group 14, control group 22) were recruited from August 2017 to September 2018. Participants were 40~65 years old, overweight or obese, had completed primary cancer treatment within the 12 months prior to the study, and had not done regular exercise during the last 6 months. The 3-month SAPS consisted of exercise and diet education (once p/2 weeks), peer support (once p/week), and self-monitoring using smartphone applications (5 times p/week). All participants underwent assessments at baseline, right after SAPS, and at 3 months after SAPS. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: At the completion of SAPS significant differences were found between groups in motivation for exercise (t=−3.24, p=.005), physical activity (t=−4.15, p<.001), total calorie intake (t=3.42, p=.002), calories from fat (t=−3.01, p=.005), intake of vegetables (t=−2.83, p=.008), and BMI (t=5.21, p<.001). Significant differences in BMI (t=4.13, p<.001) remained up to 3 months after SAPS completion. No significant differences was shown between groups in self-efficacy for exercise, either immediately after or 3 months after SAPS. CONCLUSION: The SAPS has the potential to improve motivation for exercise, health behavior, and BMI of BCS. However, special efforts are required to encourage participants to complete the intervention and maintain long-term effects for future trials.

Effects of a Group-based Parenting Support Program for Infant and Toddler Parents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

PURPOSE: Group-based interventions help the members of the parent group work together to share their parenting stress, provide opportunities for them to support each other emotionally and informatively, and allow them to achieve what they want to accomplish. The purpose of this study is to investigate and synthesize the outcome of a parenting support program for infant and toddler parents. METHODS: Published randomized control trials were identified through Ovid-Medline, Embase and CINAHL DB. Eligible studies include articles published between 2008 and 2018 in English in the randomized controlled trial design in which parenting support programs were implemented for infant and toddler parents group. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies was selected for this review. These programs reported large level of effect size for parenting, and middle level effect size for parent's psycho-social outcomes and child development. There were many programs conducted for parents with infants between 13 and 24 months, and the frequency of programs provided for 2 hours a week was high with 9 to 12 sessions. Most programs were facilitated by trained professionals including nurses and social workers except two programs led by lay persons. CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates that group-based parenting support programs have positive effects on parenting, parent's psychosocial health and infant development. To disseminate the effective group-based parenting support programs, further research is needed to confirm the long term effect and develop nurse's role as a group facilitator.

The Peer Support Experience of AYA Hiroba: A Get-together for Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer

Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer go through various life events during their illness trajectory, and there is often insufficient information on their diseases due to their rarity. Few chances are available for AYA patients to meet and share information with each other. Therefore, at the National Cancer Center Hospital in Japan we hold AYA Hiroba, a monthly get-together for AYA patients to communicate with each other. This study investigated satisfaction and effect with the activity. Methods: We have held the AYA Hiroba activity once a month since May 2016. We asked participants to complete a questionnaire at each session.Results: We held the activity 33 times between May 2016 and May 2019. A total of 130 patients participated, and 97 of them completed the questionnaire, including providing demographic data, since October 2017. The respondent demographics were as follows: sex (male/female), 38/59; median age, 29 years (range 14–39 years); outpatients/inpatients, 31/66; number of sessions attended (1/≥2), 42/55; and cancer type (sarcoma/malignant lymphoma/brain tumor/germ cell tumor/leukemia/melanoma/breast cancer/neuroblastoma/Wilms tumor/lung cancer/cervical cancer/nasopharyngeal cancer/tongue cancer/blank), 45/11/9/7/6/5/3/3/2/1/1/1/1/2). Many attendees perceived the activity favorably: “It was very satisfying” (61.7%), and “It was very helpful” (65%). The feedback was classified into three categories: “interaction with the same generation”, “diversion”, and “getting information”. Discussion: AYA patients have a great need to communicate with each other, and the feedback suggests that AYA Hiroba would be effective in interaction with the same generation, diversion and getting information. Most participants were very satisfied with the program.

Efectos de la educación grupal realizada por pares sobre los niveles de miedo, ansiedad y depresión de los pacientes sometidos a angiografía coronaria / Efeitos da educação grupal realizada por pares sobre os níveis de medo, ansiedade e depressão dos pacientes submetidos a angiografia coronária / Effects of a peer- led group education on fear, anxiety and depression levels of patients undergoing coronary angiography

Objective. To investigate the effect of the peer group education on the fear, anxiety and depression levels of the patients undergoing angiography. Methods. In this clinical trial, 70 patients referred to Vali-E-Asr clinic of Fasa (Iran) for undergoing coronary angiography were selected by random sampling and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n=35) received the necessary instructions about coronary angiography by those in a trained peer group (Two former patients, having experienced in the procedure), while in the control group (n=35) the routine instructions were presented by the department's nurses. The levels of fear, anxiety and depression of the patients were measured both before and after conducting this intervention. Results. The mean score of the patients' fear and anxiety after the intervention of the peers in the experimental group was reduced compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). But for the mean of the score of the depression test, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups after the intervention. Conclusion. The results of this study showed that utilizing the peer group education is effective for reducing the fear and anxiety of patients undergoing coronary angiography. (AU)

Objetivo. Investigar el efecto de la educación grupal realizada por pares sobre los niveles de miedo, ansiedad y depresión de los pacientes sometidos a angiografía. Métodos. En este ensayo clínico, 70 pacientes remitidos a la clínica Vali-E-Asr de Fasa (Irán) para someterse a una angiografía coronaria se seleccionaron por muestreo aleatorio y divididos en dos grupos. El grupo experimental (n=35) recibió las instrucciones sobre la angiografía coronaria por parte de pares (dos pacientes que habían sido sometidos previamente a angiografía), mientras que al grupo de control (n=35) las enfermeras del departamento les brindaron la instrucción de rutina. Los niveles de miedo, ansiedad y depresión de los pacientes se midieron antes y después de realizar esta intervención. Resultados. La puntuación media del miedo y la ansiedad de los pacientes después de la educación grupal efectuada por los pares en el grupo experimental fue menor en comparación con la del grupo control (p<0.05), pero para la media del puntaje de la prueba de depresión no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos. Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que la utilización de los pares para la educación grupal de los pacientes que serán sometidos a angiografía coronaria es efectiva para reducir el miedo y la ansiedad. (AU)

Objetivo. Investigar o efeito da educação grupal realizada por pares sobre os níveis de medo, ansiedade e depressão dos pacientes submetidos a angiografia. Métodos. Neste ensaio clínico, 70 pacientes remitidos à clínica Vali-E-Asr de Fasa (Irão) para submeter-se a uma angiografia coronária foram selecionados por amostragem aleatório e divididos em dois grupos. O grupo experimental (n=35) recebeu as instruções sobre a angiografia coronária por parte de pares (dois pacientes que haviam sido submetidos previamente a angiografia), enquanto que ao grupo de controle (n=35) as enfermeiras do departamento lhes brindaram a instrução de rotina. Os níveis de medo, ansiedade e depressão dos pacientes se mediram antes e depois de realizar esta intervenção. Resultados. A pontuação média do medo e a ansiedade dos pacientes depois da educação grupal efetuada pelos pares no grupo experimental foi menor em comparação com a do grupo de controle (p<0.05), mas para a média da pontuação da prova de depressão, não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos. Conclusão. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a utilização dos pares para a educação grupal dos pacientes que serão submetidos a angiografia coronária é efetiva para reduzir o medo e a ansiedade. (AU)

Management mode of HIV infection and antiviral therapy adherence in Jing'an District, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

[Objective]To ascertain the status and related factors of antiretroviral therapy adherence and analyze the influence of management mode on adherence in HIV infected patients in Jing' an District, Shanghai. [Methods]We recruited 150 HIV infected patients who participated in the "peer group care"activities (target group) and those from another 150 patients who did not (control group) but received antiviral treatment during the period from 2015 to 2016 (221 cases in total) into the study. We collected data on general conditions, behavioral way, antiretroviral therapy adherence, life quality, social support, mental status and medical coping modes, and analyzed the related factors of antiretroviral therapy adherence by linear regression model. [Results]The 221 HIV infected patients were included, with 124 in target group and 97 in control group. The proportion of good antiretroviral therapy adherence was 86.0％, with 91.9％ in target group and 78.4％ in control group. Multiple analysis showed that the related factors of antiretroviral therapy adherence were management mode (β = 1.871, P < 0.001) , disposable income per month (β = 0.600, P = 0.001) , social support utilization (β = 0.174, P = 0.044) and yield attitude of medical coping modes (β =-0.153, P = 0.003). [Conclusion]Antiretroviral therapy adherence of HIV infected patients in Jing'an District should be further improved. "Peer group level care and management mode"could effectively promote the increase of antiretroviral therapy adherence; however, it should be improved and perfected in the aspects of its coverage and content.

Influence of Nurse Manager and Peer Group Caring Behaviors as Perceived by Nurses on Intention to Retention / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the influence of nurse manager and peer group caring behaviors as perceived by nurses on intention to retention. METHODS: The participants for this study were 229 nurses who had worked for over 6 months in general hospitals located in J province. Survey data were analyzed descriptive statistics and t-tests, ANOVAs with Scheffé's post-hoc testing, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The scores for ‘manager and peer group caring behaviors’ and intention to retention were all at a moderate level, although the subjects perceived ‘peer group caring behaviors’ as higher compared to ‘manager caring behaviors’. There were significant differences in ‘manager caring behaviors’ scores by suitability for present working department and employment status and in ‘peer group caring behaviors’ scores by suitability for present working department. The factors influencing nurses' intention to retention were religion, suitability for present department, clinical experience of over ten years, ‘manager caring behaviors’, and ‘peer group caring behaviors’ CONCLUSION: To improve nurses' intention to retention, it may be necessary to alter the transfer and arrangement strategies of their working environments to better consider nurses' aptitude and competence, and thereby increase both manager and peer group caring behaviors.

Involvement of adolescents from Northern Portugal with alcohol / Involucramiento de adolescentes del Norte de Portugal con el alcohol / Envolvimento de adolescentes do Norte de Portugal com o álcool

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic variables and involvement of adolescents with alcohol. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive and correlational study, with a quantitative approach, was conducted with a sample of 378 students who attended regular high school in the city of Chaves, in Northern Portugal. A questionnaire that included the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale was used as data collection instrument. Results: most students were female (60.8%), aged between 17 and 18 years (53.2%), and fit in the category "Regular drinker without problems" (79.9%). Male adolescents were more commonly involved with alcohol (p=0.010). Conclusion: involvement with alcohol seems to be in an intermediate level, associated with gender, age group, level of schooling, and religious practice. These results justify the development of community interventions, with the aim of preventing alcohol consumption.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la relación entre las variables sociodemográficas y el involucramiento de los adolescentes con el alcohol. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo-correlacional y transversal de enfoque cuantitativo, con una muestra de 378 estudiantes que asisten al colegio regular en el condado de Chaves, Norte de Portugal. Como instrumento de recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario que incluía la escala del Involucramiento de los Adolescente con el Uso de Alcohol. Resultados: la mayoría de los estudiantes de la muestra eran mujeres (60,8%), pertenecían al grupo de edad de 17-18 años (53,2%) y entraron en la categoría de "bebedor habitual sin problemas" (79,9%). Los hombres mostraron un mayor involucramiento con las bebidas alcohólicas (Mann-Whitney: p=0,010). Conclusiones: el involucramiento con el alcohol parece estar en un nivel intermedio, siendo relacionado con el sexo, edad, grado y práctica de una religión. Estos resultados justifican realizar intervenciones en la comunidad, para prevenir el consumo..

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a relação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e envolvimento de adolescentes com o álcool. Método: estudo descritivo-correlacional, transversal de abordagem quantitativa, com uma amostra de 378 alunos, que frequentavam o ensino secundário regular, no Concelho de Chaves, Norte de Portugal. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário que incluía a escala de Envolvimento com o Álcool para Adolescentes. Resultados: a maioria dos alunos era do sexo feminino (60,8%), pertencia ao grupo etário dos 17-18 anos (53,2%) e enquadrava-se na categoria "bebedor habitual sem problemas" (79,9%). Os adolescentes do sexo masculino tinham um maior envolvimento com as bebidas alcoólicas (p=0,010). Conclusão: o envolvimento com o álcool parece estar num nível intermediário, relacionado com o sexo, grupo etário, ano de escolaridade e prática de uma religião. Esses resultados justificam o desenvolvimento de intervenções comunitárias, com o objetivo de prevenir o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas.

Australian medical students have fewer opportunities to do physical examination of peers of the opposite gender / 보건의료교육평가

PURPOSE: Peer physical examination (PPE), by which junior medical students learn physical examination skills before practicing on patients, is a widely implemented and accepted part of medical curricula. However, the ethical implications of PPE have been debated, since issues including student gender impact on its acceptability. Research has previously demonstrated the phenomenon of ‘attitude-behavior inconsistency' showing that students' predictions about their participation in PPE differ from what they actually do in practice. This study asks whether gender and student self-ratings of outlook affect engagement in PPE. METHODS: This study gathered data from students who had completed PPE with the objective of determining what factors have the greatest impact on the actual practice of PPE by students. Data were used to derive the number of opportunities students had to examine a peer, for various body parts. Respondent gender and self-ratings of outlook were recorded. RESULTS: Responses from 130 students were analysed: 74 female (57%) and 56 male (43%). Students have fewer opportunities to examine peers of the opposite gender; this is statistically significant for all body parts when male students examine female peers. CONCLUSION: Gender is the factor of overriding importance on whether these peer interactions actually occur, such that students have fewer opportunities to examine peers of the opposite gender, particularly male students examining female peers. Student outlook has little impact. We speculate that the more acceptable PPE is to participants, paradoxically, the more complicated these interactions become, possibly with implications for future practice.

Validity and Reliability of the Peer Group Caring Interaction Scale-Korean Version

PURPOSE: This paper was conducted to validate the Korean version of the Peer Group Caring Interaction Scale (PGCIS-K) that measures caring behaviors as experienced by nursing students. METHODS: Translation of the PGCIS-K was validated through forward-backward translation methods. Survey data were collected from 218 nursing students in a nursing school. Construct validity and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Internal consistency and the Guttman split-half coefficient were calculated to assess reliability. RESULTS: The PGIS-K showed reliability except for 4 items (Cronbach's α=.91, Guttman split-half coefficient=.85), which were low (<.30) or negatively correlated with the total scale. A 12-item reduced form of the PGCIS-K was developed by item-analysis and construct validity evidence. Factor loading for the 12 items on 2 factors ranged from .47~.82, which explained 58.4% of the total variance. Two factors were named 'modeling and assistance (Cronbach's α=.87)' and 'communication and sharing (Cronbach's α=.82)'. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion validity were supported according to the correlation coefficients of the 2 factors with other measure. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest preliminary evidence that the 12-item PGCIS-K can be used to measure nursing students' peer group caring interactions in Korea. Additional studies are recommended to continue the psychometric evaluation of this scale. Also, it can be extended to measure graduate nursing students or staff nurses' peer group caring interaction.

Educación en salud y seguridad para los comités paritarios de seguridad y salud en el trabajo / Health and safety education for joint occupational health and safety committees

Objetivo: Construir una propuesta para desarrollar el proceso educativo en salud y seguridad dirigida a los Comités Paritarios de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (COPASST). Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, en el que se aplicó una entrevista en profundidad a 32 COPASST activos. Cada entrevista se transcribió e interpretó a partir de la verificación con los participantes, la búsqueda de enunciados significativos, la organización en grupos de temas, la descripción en forma exhaustiva y la validación con los participantes. La información se ubicó en las categorías planeación, organización, desarrollo, evaluación y retroalimentación, obteniéndose las siguientes categorías emergentes: responsables de la gestión de los procesos; planeación, sitio y frecuencia de las sesiones educativas; temas tratados; modalidad de las sesiones; participación/desarrollo de las sesiones; comprensión de los temas; aplicabilidad a la cotidianidad y al entorno laboral, aplicabilidad para la vida personal/laboral y para la organización. Resultados: A partir de las categorías emergentes y de acuerdo al marco conceptual sobre educación en salud de adultos y en salud y seguridad para los trabajadores, se construyó una propuesta metodológica participativa para el desarrollo de los procesos educativos con los COPASST. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con lo manifestado por los integrantes de los COPASST, los procesos educativos en salud y seguridad, tal como se desarrollan en la actualidad, no les permiten alcanzar las competencias necesarias para cumplir sus funciones, por lo que carecen de importancia.

Objetivo: Criar uma proposta para desenvolver o processo educativo em comités paritários de saúde e segurança destinados à segurança e saúde no trabalho (COPASST). Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, em que a informação foi obtida através da aplicação da entrevista em profundidade a 32 COPASST ativos. Cada entrevista foi transcrita e interpretada a partir da verificação com os participantes, a busca de afirmações significativas, a organização em grupos de temas, a descrição exaustiva e validação com os participantes. A informação foi localizada nas categorias planejamento, organização, desenvolvimento, avaliação e feedback, produzindo as seguintes categorias emergentes: gerentes de processos; planejamento, local e frequência de realização das sessões educativas; tópicos; modalidade das sessões; participação/desenvolvimento das sessões; compreensão das questões; aplicabilidade à vida diária e ambiente de trabalho; aplicabilidade para a vida pessoal/profissional e para a organização. Resultados: A partir das categorias emergentes e de acordo com o quadro conceptual de educação em saúde do adulto e saúde e segurança para os trabalhadores, uma metodologia participativa para o desenvolvimento de processos educativos com COPASST foi construída. Conclusões: De acordo com a declaração dos membros dos COPASST, os processos educativos em saúde e segurança, tal como desenvolvida no presente, excluí-los de alcançar as competências necessária para desempenhar as suas funções, por tanto são irrelevantes.

Objective: To build a proposal to develop the educational process in health and safety joint committees aimed at safety and health at work (COPASST). Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive study in which an in-depth interview to 32 COPASST assets was made. Each interview was transcribed and interpreted by applying check with participants, finding meaningful statements, organizing groups of subjects, exhaustive description and validation with participants. The information was placed in the categories planning, organization, development, evaluation and feedback, emerging the following categories: responsible for processes management; planning, place and frequency of educational sessions; topics; format of sessions; involving/development of sessions; understanding of the issues; applicability to daily life and work environment; applicability to personal/professional life and to the organization. Results: From emerging categories and according to the conceptual framework on adult health education and health and safety for workers, a participatory methodology for the development of educational processes with COPASST was built. Conclusions: According to the statement by the members of the COPASST, educational processes in health and safety, as they are developed at present, preclude them from achieving necessary competences to perform its functions, thus they are irrelevant.

The role of family relations, spirituality and entertainment in moderating peer influence and drug use among students of eight universities from five countries in Latin America and three from the Caribbean / O papel das relações familiares, espiritualidade e diversão como moderadores entre a influência de pares e o uso de drogas entre estudantes de oito universidades de cinco paises da América Latina e três do Caribe / El papel de las relaciones familiares, espiritualidad y diversión como moderadores entre la influencia de pares y el uso de drogas entre estudiantes de ocho universidades de cinco países de America Latina y tres del Caribe

This study is a multi-centric investigation on the role of family relations, spirituality and entertainment in moderating the relationship between peer influence and drug use (licit and illicit) among students from eight universities from five countries in Latin-America and three from the Caribbean. The sample was composed by 2198 university students from faculties of Social Sciences and Humanities/Health Sciences. Drug use was the dependent variable and the level of peer influence (number of friends who use drugs) was the independent variable. The results showed that problematic family relationship, high number of party-based entertainment and high number of friends on drugs use (peer influence) increased the odds of youths using illicit drugs. The only interaction statistically significant for licit and illicit drug use was party-based entertainment and friends on drugs. The use of licit drugs presented large variability among universities in the sample, potentially influenced by cultural/religious aspects.

Trata-se de estudo multicêntrico, que analisa o papel das relações familiares, espiritualidade e entretenimento-festas como moderadores da relação entre a influência dos pares e o uso de drogas entre estudantes de oito universidades de cinco países da América Latina e três do Caribe. A amostra foi composta por 2198 estudantes de Faculdades de Ciências Sociais e de Ciências da Saúde. Uso de drogas foi a variável dependente e influência dos pares (número de amigos usando drogas), a independente. Os resultados mostraram que relações familiares problemáticas, participar de muitas festas e ter muitos amigos usando drogas aumentou a chance dos estudantes universitários da amostra usarem drogas ilícitas. A única interação estatisticamente significante para o uso de drogas lícitas ou ilícitas foi o entretenimento-festas/amigos usando drogas. O uso de drogas lícitas apresentou grande variabilidade entre as universidades da amostra, potencialmente influenciada por aspectos culturais/religiosos.

Estudio multicéntrico que analiza el papel de las relaciones familiares, la espiritualidad y la diversión-fiestas como moderadores de la relación entre la influencia de pares y el uso de drogas entre estudiantes de ocho universidades de cinco países de America Latina y tres del Caribe. La muestra fue composta de 2198 estudiantes de Facultades de Ciencias Sociales y de Ciencias de la Salud. El Uso de drogas fue la variable dependiente y la influencia de pares (número de alumnos usando drogas) la independiente. Los resultados indicaron que las relaciones familiares problemáticas, participar de muchas fiestas y tener muchos amigos utilizando drogas aumentó la oportunidad de los estudiantes de la muestra a utilizaren drogas ilícitas. La única interacción estadísticamente significante para el uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas fue la diversión/fiestas/amigos usando drogas. El uso de drogas lícitas presenta grande variabilidad entre las universidades de la muestra, potencialmente influenciada por aspectos culturales/religiosos.

Drug consuption among university students: family, spirituality and entertainment moderating influence of pairs / Consumo de drogas entre estudiantes universitarios: familia, espiritualidad y entretenimiento moderador la influencia de pares / Consumo de drogas entre estudantes universitários: família, espiritualidade e entretenimento moderando a influência dos pares

pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória, com desenho transversal que investigou o papel da família, da espiritualidade e do entretenimento em moderar a relação da influência dos pares sobre o consumo de drogas entre estudantes universitários. A amostra foi composta por 250 estudantes de uma universidade pública brasileira de forma não probabilística. Foi elaborado um questionário com cinco escalas validadas que indagaram sobre a influência do grupo de pares, as relações familiares, o entretenimento, a espiritualidade e o consumo de drogas. Utilizou-se o programa SPSS versão 18 para a análise estatística. Verificou-se que 90,8% dos estudantes da amostra tinham pelo menos um amigo consumidor de drogas, e as mais consumidas foram álcool, tabaco e maconha. Estabeleceu-se associação significativa entre alguns fatores acadêmicos e culturais com o consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. Recomenda-se a elaboração de estratégias preventivas, considerando a influência dos fatores culturais sobre o consumo de drogas entre os estudantes universitários.

Investigación cuantitativa de tipo descriptiva-exploratoria, con diseño transversal que investigado el papel de la familia, la espiritualidad y entretenimiento en la moderá a la relación entre influencia de la pares y el consumo de drogas entre estudiantes universitarios. La muestra fue conformada por 250 estudiantes de una universidad pública brasileira de forma no probabilística. Fue elaborado un cuestionario con 5 escalas ya validadas, que interrogaba sobre la influencia del grupo de pares, las relaciones familiares, el entretenimiento, la espiritualidad y el consumo de drogas. Se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 18 para el análisis estadística. Los datos indicaran que el 90,8% de los estudiantes de la muestran reportaron tener por lo menos un amigo que consumía drogas, las drogas mas consumidas fueron alcohol, tabaco y marihuana. Se estableció asociación significativa entre algunos factores académicos y culturales con el consumo de drogas legales e ilegales Se recomienda que deben ser elaboradas estrategias preventivas considerando la influencia de los factores culturales sobre el consumo de drogas entre los estudiantes universitarios.

A quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study, with a cross-sectional design aimed at investigated the role of the family, spirituality and entertainment in moderate relationship of influence of pairs and drug consuption among university students of one university. The sample was composed of 250 students from a public university in Brazil. A questionnaire was developed with 5 validated scales that interrogated about the influence of the peer group, the family relationships, the entertainment, the spirituality, and drug consumption. It was used SPSS version 18 for the statistical analysis. The data indicated that 90.8% of students had at least one friend who is drug consumer, most of them use alcohol, tobacco and marijuana. There was significant association between some academic and sociocultural factors and the consumption of licit and illicit drugs. We recommended that some preventive strategies should be elaborated considering the influence of sociocultural factors about drug consuption among university students.

Effects of Peer Helper Training Program on Existential Spiritual Well-being, Peer Relationship, and Depression for Students Attending a Specialized Girls Vocational High School / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a peer helper training program on existential spiritual well-being, peer relationship, and depression for students attending a specialized girls vocational high school. METHODS: The participants were forty-two students attending a specialized girls vocational high school in D city. Data were collected form october 23 to December 24, 2013. To test the effects of the peer helper training program, the participants were divided into two mached groups, an experimental group (21) and a control group (21). Data were analyzed using chi2-test, Fisher exact probability test, and t-test with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: After attending the peer helper training program, significant differences between the experimental group and the control group were found for existential spiritual well-being (t=3.35, p=.002) and peer relationship (t=2.29, p=.028). However, there was no significant differences in depression between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the peer helper training program enhances existential spiritual well-being and peer relationship for students attending a specialized girls vocational high school. Therefore, this program is a good strategy that teachers and community mental health nurses can use to increase existential spiritual well-being and peer relationship of these high school girls.

Effects of a Social Skills Training Program on Problem Behaviors, Social Skill, and Peer Relationship in Children using a Community Child Center at Vulnerable Area / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using a social skills training program to address problem behaviors, social skill, and peer relationship in children using a community child center in a vulnerable area. METHODS: The research design was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. Participants in the experimental group were 25 children, recruited from a community child center in G-city. Participants in the control group were 25 children, recruited from a community child center in S-city. Data were collected from September, 2014 to January, 2015. Outcomes were measured using the Child Problem-Behavior Screening Questionnaire (CPSQ), Social Skill Rating System (SSRS), and Peer Relational Skills Scale (PRSS). The experimental group participated in the social skills training weekly for 10 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 18.0 program. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in problem behaviors, social skills, and peer relationship scores between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This social skills training program was found to be effective in reducing problem behaviors and improving the social skill and peer relationship of these children, and is recommended for use in community health services as an effective nursing intervention for children in vulnerable areas.

The Degree of Life-Respect and Peer Bullying in Elementary School Students

PURPOSE: This study was done to provide basic data for education of elementary school students on life-respect and peer bullying prevention. METHODS: Participants were 5th and 6th grade elementary school students. Data from the questionnaires of 218 participants were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) The mean score for degree of life-respect was 4.23 (+/-0.38). The types of peer bullying were 'defenders of victims' (3.19+/-0.93), 'bullies' (2.04+/-0.72), 'victims' (1.91+/-0.84), 'bystanders' (1.79+/-0.80), and 'bully-followers' (1.66+/-0.60). 2) There was a significant difference in the degree of life-respect according to gender (t=-2.410, p=.017). Likewise, in the degree of peer bullying, among the type of 'bullies' there were significant differences according to grade (t=-2.285, p=.004), and gender (t=3.191, p=.002). Also, among the types of 'bully-followers' there were significant differences according to gender (t=2.053, p=.041), and having a religion or not (t=3.319, p=.001). 3) There was a significant correlation between life-respect and types of peer bullying. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide helps for more effective provision of educational programs regarding life-respect and peer bullying.

The effectiveness of oral health education by peers on knowledge and performance of students in Zabol, Iran.

Oral diseases are the extensive human diseases, especially among children and more than 99% of people suffer from this disease. Oral and dental education by peers provides a good condition to form the health behaviors before adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral and dental education by peers on knowledge and behavior of first grade female students in Zabol, Iran. In this quasi-experimental study conducted in 2012, 287 female primary students were randomly selected and studied in Zabol. Pre-test and post-test performed with the completing a questionnaire that was designed to assess knowledge and behavior of brushing and using sodium fluoride mouthwash. The validity of the results was determined through expert panel and the reliability was determined by Cronbach`s alpha (N=30, =0. 77). One person from each class in the intervention group was selected as a peer educator and was educated via an education plate. The post-test was performed after one month of education. For data analysis, descriptive and analytical tests (paired and independent t-test) in SPSS 18 software were used. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of two groups in knowledge and behavior after education, so that the mean score of knowledge and behavior of students who were educated by peers were higher than that of them before education (P<0.001). Oral and dental education of students by peers is a simple, inexpensive, and effective method which can be used by health system, truly.

Effect of School-based Peer Leader Centered Smoking Prevention Program

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a school-based peer leader centered smoking prevention program. METHODS: Non-equivalent control group with a pre/post-test design was used. Students (n=174) in two boys' junior high schools located in D city, Korea participated with 85 being selected for the experimental group and 89 for the control group. Five sessions were given to the experimental group and a 50 minute lecture to the control group. Knowledge, attitude, non-smoking intention, and non-smoking efficacy were measured for the both experimental and control group at two weeks before the program and one month after the program was completed. Data were analyzed using chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and paired t-test with the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: The experimental group showed higher overall knowledge, negative attitude toward smoking, and higher non-smoking intention and efficacy. After receiving the school based peer leader centered smoking prevention program scores for attitude toward smoking and non-smoking efficacy increased in the experimental group were higher than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The school-based peer leader centered smoking prevention program needs longitudinal evaluation, but from this study, there is an indication that this program can be used with junior high school students and effectively change students' attitude toward smoking and promote non-smoking efficacy.

Scaling up community ART groups in Mozambique.

Aims: To describe the stepwise implementation and roll out of Community ART Groups (CAG) in Mozambique. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration of Study: Mozambique, between February 2008 and December 2011. Methodology: Description of the stepwise implementation of a model for Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) delivery based on the principles of peer support and self-management. The program data on CAG were obtained through a chart review and routine datacollection. Results: To overcome patient reported barriers to monthly drug refills for ART the Tete Provincial Directorate of Health and Médecins Sans Frontières developed a communitybased ART model or patient-centered model, through peer support groups named CAG. The first CAG commenced in 2008, in rural health facility catchment areas, where members of CAG shared transport costs to overcome distances to the ART clinics. In 2009, lessons learnt were exported in Tete province and CAG model was launched in semi-urban contexts to decrease time spent in the clinics. In 2011, retention rates as high as 97,5 % convinced a joint task force that included Ministry of Health and major partners to pilot the CAG strategy on a national scale. Conclusion: To respond to staggering attrition rates Ministry of Health in Mozambique and partners piloted an innovative patient-centered model for HIV care and exported good practices from local to provincial and national level. Success of scale up will depend on the collaboration and interaction between policymakers, donors, health-managers, caregivers, communities, and patients.